External Discharge Function of New Energy Vehicles
The external discharge function refers to the ability of new energy vehicles equipped with this feature to output their stored electrical energy through a specific interface to power external electrical equipment.
What is V2G ?
V2G (Vehicle to Grid) enables interaction between electric vehicles and the power grid. It allows the power stored in electric vehicle batteries to be transmitted to the grid. Bidirectional V2G supports two-way power transmission: it can transfer electrical energy from the grid to charge the vehicle's battery, and it can also transfer energy stored in the vehicle back to the grid when power resources are scarce, providing flexible and adjustable energy storage for the grid.
V2G can also bring economic benefits to vehicle owners, who can absorb electricity when the grid load is low and electricity prices are cheaper, and release electricity back to the grid when prices are higher, earning profits from the price differences.
In addition to requiring new energy vehicles to support this function, it must also be used in conjunction with V2G charging stations that integrate both charging and discharging capabilities.
What is V2H ?
V2H (Vehicle to Home) refers to a new electric vehicle providing power to households, also known as "vehicle-to-home energy." V2H is typically used in standalone villas with independent parking spaces and requires the vehicle to be connected to a series of peripheral devices, such as high-power household inverters and distribution lines, for operation.
V2H is mainly applied in areas with unstable electricity supply and is often used in combination with household solar photovoltaic energy storage systems. In addition to requiring new energy vehicles to support this function, V2H also needs to be used in conjunction with charging stations that integrate both charging and discharging.
Know more about V2H explanation here!
What is V2L?
V2L (Vehicle to Load) involves using an electric vehicle's power battery to charge external loads such as lights, fans, electric grills, and other devices. V2L allows electric vehicles to act as mobile power sources for third-party use-examples include outdoor activities like barbecues. V2L is currently the most widely used external discharge function, with many vehicles on the market supporting it.
There are two types of V2L: AC and DC. For electric vehicles with a bidirectional OBC (on-board charger), it is possible to directly convert the DC power from the battery pack into AC power inside the vehicle. Users only need to purchase V2L discharge cables or adapters to obtain power from the car's AC charging port, providing 220V AC power at any time. The V2L discharge power typically ranges from 2kW to 6kW, which can meet the needs of common household appliances.
DC V2L extracts power through the vehicle's DC charging interface, then converts DC to AC using an external inverter to supply power to electrical devices. The discharge power typically ranges from 2kW to 10kW. Currently, there are few products for DC V2L inverters, which tend to be expensive due to the use of high-end components like inverters.
What is V2V?
V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) is a vehicle-to-vehicle charging technology that allows electrical energy to be transferred from one electric vehicle's battery to another's via a charging cable or station.
V2V operates through a DC fast charging interface, following the same discharge principle as DC V2L, but with much higher discharge power. V2V discharge typically ranges from 5kW to 50kW or more, making it especially useful for road rescue and emergency services.
The charging power of V2V communication is affected by the on-board charger, so the charging power is relatively lower compared to other V2X technologies, similar to V2L.
Summary
V2G (Vehicle to Grid) views each electric vehicle as a distributed energy storage resource, playing an important role in grid regulation. In addition to peak-shaving, V2G can also offer economic benefits to vehicle owners.
V2L (Vehicle to Load) is like a portable outdoor power supply, providing substantial electricity for uses such as self-driving tours, camping, or street vending.
V2H (Vehicle to Home) can supply electricity to areas with unstable power grids, and when combined with household energy storage, it creates an effect where "1+1 > 2."
V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) enables vehicles to provide fast charging to other vehicles, making the owner an instant source of "timely rain" for relatives, friends, and even strangers.