How to Determine the Standard of Your Electric Vehicle?
Are you uncertain about the charging connector standard for your electric vehicle? Unsure about which type of EV charging station to select? This guide will help you understand the different standards and choose the right one for your needs.
Understanding the Type 1 / SAE J1772 Standard
The SAE J1772 (IEC Type 1), also called a "J plug," is a North American standard for electric vehicle connectors. It is designed for single-phase electrical systems operating at 120V or 240V, which are common in North America and Japan.
Type 1 Charging Plug: Installed on EV charging stations (Left image).
Type 1 Charging Socket: Installed on electric vehicles (Right image).
sae j1772 Type1 charging plug --Install on the ev charging sataion (Left picture)
sae j1772 Type1 charginng socket --Install on the electric vehicle (Right picture)
Understanding the Type 2 / IEC 62196 Standard
The IEC 62196 Type 2 connector, often referred to as Mennekes, is used for charging electric cars in Europe. It supports both single-phase and three-phase alternating current (AC). In January 2013, the European Commission selected the IEC 62196 Type 2 as the official charging plug for the European Union, and it has also been adopted in countries outside Europe, such as New Zealand.
· Type 2 Charging Plug: Installed on EV charging stations (Left image).
· Type 2 Charging Socket: Installed on electric vehicles (Right image).
iec 62196 Type2 charging plug iec -- Install on the ev charging station (Left picture)
iec 62196 Type2 charging socket -- Install on the electric vehicle (Right picture)
Understanding the CCS2 and CCS1 Standards
To understand CCS2 and CCS1, it's important to know about the Combined Charging System (CCS). CCS supports charging electric vehicles with Combo 1 and Combo 2 connectors at up to 80 or 350 kilowatts. The system extends the inlet with two additional DC contacts below the existing AC and communication contacts.
Combo 1 (CCS1): Used primarily in North America. It adds two DC contacts to the Type 1 connector, while the AC contacts are unused.
Combo 2 (CCS2): Used mainly in the European Union. It removes the AC contacts from the Type 2 connector, leaving three contacts for communication and protective earth.
Both Type 1 and Type 2 connectors are defined in IEC 62196-2, while Combo 1 and Combo 2 connectors are described in IEC 62196-3.
Automakers supporting CCS include Jaguar, Renault, Volkswagen Group, General Motors, Tesla, BMW, Daimler, Ford, FCA, Kia, and Hyundai.
Geographic Distribution of Charging Standards
Type 1 and Combo 1: Common in North and Central America, Korea, and Taiwan.
Type 2 and Combo 2: Found in North and South America, Europe, South Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, India, Oceania, and Australia.
DC Charging: The GB/T standard is used in China, while Japan uses CHAdeMO.
Charging Communication
Basic Signaling (BS): Utilizes a PWM signal transferred over the control pilot contact (CP) according to IEC 61851-1. This communication ensures safety by confirming the connector is plugged in before the contacts are energized and that both the charging station and vehicle are ready for charging.
High-Level Communication (HLC): Uses Power Line Communication (PLC) to modulate a high-frequency signal over the CP contact, transferring complex information for DC charging and other services like "plug and charge" or load balancing. HLC follows DIN SPEC 70121 and the ISO/IEC 15118 series. DIN SPEC 70121 supports charging up to 80 kW, while ISO/IEC 15118 is required for higher power levels.
This guide should help you identify the correct standard for your electric vehicle and choose the appropriate charging station.
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